Mobile devices run on different operating systems, such as Android (developed by Google) and iOS (developed by Apple). These operating systems provide the interface and ecosystem for the device.

Mobile devices have a central processing unit (CPU) and random-access memory (RAM) to handle the device's processing power and multitasking capabilities. The processor speed and amount of RAM can vary between different devices.

Mobile devices have a display screen that can vary in size, resolution, and technology. Common display types include LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), and AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode).

Mobile devices come with internal storage to store apps, files, and media. The storage capacity can vary, ranging from 16 GB to 512 GB or more. Some devices also support expandable storage via microSD cards.

Mobile devices support various connectivity options, such as cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. These features enable internet access, wireless file transfer, and location-based services.

Mobile devices typically have one or more cameras, including a rear-facing (main) camera and a front-facing (selfie) camera. The camera resolution, number of lenses, and additional features like image stabilization or optical zoom can vary between devices.

Mobile devices are powered by a built-in rechargeable battery. Battery capacity is measured in milliampere-hours (mAh) and affects the device's battery life.

Many modern mobile devices include biometric security features like fingerprint sensors or facial recognition systems to unlock the device and enhance security.